大鼠正常肝和再生肝的肝细胞分离、鉴定及纯度、活性分析

按Higgins等方法制作大鼠2/3肝切除(parital hepatectomy,PH)模型,用两步灌流法分散肝脏细胞,用60%Percoll密度梯度离心分离肝细胞,用免疫组织化学方法定性、定位再生肝(regenerating liver,RL)、分散的肝脏细胞及分离的肝细胞中白蛋白(albumin,ALB)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(glucose-6-phosphatase,G-6-P),用蛋白免疫印迹方法定量肝细胞的ALB和G-6-P,用RT-PCR定量肝细胞的ALB和G-6-P mRNA.初步证实纯化的细胞中,ALB和G-6-P阳性细胞占96%以上;PH后各时间点纯化的肝细胞的ALB和G-6-P mRNA量稳定,相应的蛋白量亦稳定.表明改进后的分离肝细胞方法具有收率高、纯度高、活性好等特点.     

人USP14蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达纯化的初步研究

采用PCR技术从人胎脑cDNA文库中克隆了usp14(ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14)基因编码区全长序列。序列分析表明人usp14基因含有peptidase蛋白酶C19A保守区,将usp14基因与pET-28b(+)载体相连,构建表达载体pET28b/usp14;把该表达载体转入大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)pLyS,以Isopropyl-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG)诱导25°C 6小时,USP14蛋白获得高效表达。对表达产物进行Western blotting检测,并用Ni-NTA亲和层析技术获得了纯化的人USP14蛋白,表达的目的蛋白大小约为56kDa。     

基因枪法在植物转基因中的应用

基因枪法是是指用鸽粉或金粉包裹外源DNA,而后依靠基因枪装置,利用高压氦气冲击波加速微弹去穿透植物细胞壁和细胞膜,使外源DNA进入植物细胞并整合到植物细胞染色体组中,从而达到稳定遗传和表达的目的。它多用于对农杆菌不敏感的物种和基因型,用外源DNA包被的钨粒对大豆茎尖分生组织进行轰击,获得大豆转基因植株,此后,这一技术便很快在大豆中得到了应用。虽然它有缺点,但可与其他转基因技术结合使用。农杆菌介导法和基因枪轰击法各有自己的优缺点,它们之间并不是相斥的M相反,通过结合两种方法的特性,互相取长补短,就有可能提高转化效率。     

Community structure of β-Proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in prawn farm sediment

To examine the community structure of β-Proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in prawn farm sediment, the 16S rRNA gene library was constructed with β-Proteobacterial AOB-specific primers. The library was screened by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and clones with unique RFLP patterns were sequenced. Two groups of β-Proteobacterial AOB, the Nitrosomonas and the Nitrosospira, were detected. The Nitrosomonas occupied an absolute dominant position, accounting for more than 90% of total clones in the clone library, while the Nitrosospira accounting for 5.48%. Nitrosomonas-affiliated clones were grouped into the N. marina and the N. sp. Nm143 clusters, and Nitrosospira-affiliated clones were grouped into the Nitrosospira cluster 1. No other clusters of β-Proteobacterial AOB were found. The results enriched our knowledge of AOB diversity in the prawn farm sediment and provided important foundational data for further functional studies of these microbes in mariculture environments.     

淀粉质体DNA的研究现状

淀粉质体含有丰富的DNA,平均每个淀粉质体含有数百个基因组拷贝。其分布特点因物种而异,大都集中于拟核区,有的分散于质体内。在淀粉质体发育过程中,DNA含量不断增加,成熟期达到顶峰,以贮藏形态存在,为种子的萌发和幼苗的形态建成提供核苷酸等原料。淀粉质体DNA具有与叶绿体DNA同源的序列,存在一些表达基因,如：16SrRNA、psbA。但在抑制区域富甲基化,尤其是5-甲基胞嘧啶,碱基的甲基化在aDNA基因的表达调控中起重要作用。     

Phylogenetic relationship and morphological evolution in the subfamily Limenitidinae （Lepidoptera： Nymphalidae）

The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I （CO1） gene and the nuclear elongation factor 1 α（EF-1α） gene were sequenced from 29 species of Nymphalidae （Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera）. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the sequences determined from the 29 species and sequences of other 36 species deposited in GenBank using the neighbor-joining （NJ）, maximum likelihood （ML） and Bayesian methods with Libythea celtis （Libytheinae） as the outgroup. Our phylogenetic trees indicated four major clades. Clade A includes three subfamilies： Apaturinae, Nymphalinae, and Limenitidinae, excluding the tribe Limenitidini; Clade B includes the subfamilies Heliconiinae and the tribe Limenitidini; Clade C includes Satyrinae, Calinaginae, Charaxinae and Morphinae; and Clade D includes subfamily Danainae. Our study suggested that the tribes Pseudergolini, Biblidini, Limenitidini and Cyrestidini should be considered as subfamilies and confirmed the interspecific relationships within the subfamily Pseudergolinae, namely Amnosia ＋（Pseudergolis ＋ （Stibochiona ＋ Dichorragia））. We then mapped three morphological characters （spot of anal angle, eyespots, and process from outer margin of hind wing） onto the phylogenetic tree constructed by ML analysis using the combined sequence data. Based on this the evolutionary patterns of these morphological characters were identified, they indicated that the three characters evolved repeatedly in the family Nymphalidae.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

mRNA differential display on gene expression in settlement metamorphosis process of Ruditapes philippinarum larvae

The mRNA differential display （DDRT-PCR） technique was adopted to find out the genes related to settlement metamorphosis development process of Ruditapes philippinarum larvae. In this study, we have obtained three hundred and forty-six amplification bands in total from pediveliger larvae, veliger larvae, eye spot larvae and post-larvae. Sixty-five out of three hundred and forty-six bands are distinctly differential display from band pattern, which can be put into four groups, standing for different expression characters. Sixteen differential display bands were cloned, sequenced and analyzed and nine different sequences are obtained in the study. Three sequences have higher similarity to the cDNAs deposited in database and three are very similar to the rDNA of other species, considered as the rDNA of Ruditapes philippi narum. The rest three sequences are found to be novel sequences after analyzed. Their accession numbers are AY916799, AY916798, and AY916797 respectively. We thought the novel sequences are possibly relevant to the early embryo development of Ruditapes philippinarum larvae and can provide some fundamental understandings that are helpful for the improvement of scallop seed raising industry.     

生命科学与生物技术研究回顾

对国内外有关生命科学与生物技术的研究现状进行了综述。指出了基因分子和细胞生物学的研究将继续成为全球的研究热点。     

基因流——转基因生物安全性的关键问题

基因流是基因从一个生物体转移到另一个生物体的基因流动过程.本文探讨了转基因作物基因流研究的现状,综述了转基因对环境和生物体的潜在风险,并讨论了监测和管理基因流的方法.